W. coagulans BC99 inhibits the activation of the NLRP3/ASC inflammasome signaling pathway in the jejunum, which can reduce LPS and related inflammatory factors in peripheral circulation and inhibit the activation of the NLRP3/ASC inflammasome signaling pathway in the brain; these factors can reduce the inflammatory response and ultimately improve cognitive impairment caused by SD. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and Cognitive impairment.