PTEN and neoplasm: Our observations indicate that the following molecular proteins may serve as significant targets in controlling tumor progression at various TNM stages of LSC development: TP53, CD1, Bcl2L12, P21, p27, EGFR, E-cadherin, β-catenin, FAK, NOTCH, FGFR1, PTEN, DJ-1, and TrkB.