AKT1 and lung carcinoma: Exposure to PM2.5 can increase the likelihood of lung cancer by promoting systemic inflammation and decreasing DNAm in white blood cells, potentially due to PM2.5 exposure inhibiting P53 gene activity by increasing methylation in its promoter region through the ROS-protein kinase B (Akt)-DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) pathway [151].