TP53 and neoplasm: SalivarymicroRNAs (miR-21, miR-200) and p53 antibodies are used in oncology to identify tumours non-invasively, including pancreatic, breast andoral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which improves prognosis by detecting the disease early [27].In immunology, salivary TNF receptors and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) are used to track inflammatory responses in conditions like rheumatoidarthritis and systemic lupus erythematous (SLE).