ERBB2 and colonic neoplasm: Probiotics observed in liver and colon cancer have been found to induce apoptosis through core apoptotic pathways similar to antitumor drugs, involving AKT, RAS, Raf, MEK, ERK, and mTOR kinase signaling pathways (38–42), and inhibiting growth factor receptors such as EGFR, Her2/Neu, other ERBB family members, c-Met, and NTRK (43–48), as depicted in Figure 2.