At the molecular level, the inflammatory environment in HT can activate various signaling pathways, including Nuclear Factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and the Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STAT) family, which play crucial roles in tumor cell proliferation, survival, and immune evasion (49, 50). This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and hematocrit.