Among these, 34 DEGs including GSTO1, VANGL2, MTNR1 A, PRKD1, and ARMCX1 showed at least fourfold higher expression (Fig. 4), and 26 DEGs including NOS2, ARC, DHRS9, and PTGS2 showed at least fourfold lower expression in the HM compared to the HF group (Table 3). The gene discussed is VANGL2; the disease is hydrops fetalis.