Using gene pathway analysis (KEGG/Reactome/Gene ontology) (Fig. 8h, i) based on spatial transcriptomes, we found the Glycoprotein pathway pertaining to CD73 glycosylation modulation was particularly enriched in DH compared to DL tumor areas, further supporting a specific role of MGAT1 in regulating CD73 glycosylation and protein expression in tumor cells. Here, ART4 is linked to neoplasm.