It has been demonstrated that the oncogenic role of CD73 in advancing tumor progression involves interacting with cancer-associated fibroblasts through adenosine receptors (A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R) on various types of immune cells such as regulatory (Foxp3+) T cells (Tregs), effector T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), B cells, and macrophages21,22. Here, NT5E is linked to cancer.