The major conclusions of the clinical proof-of-concept feasibility study are that the elimination of asymptomatic vesicoureteral reflux after all TURBs is a prerequisite for treatment, that a delay of at least 8 weeks between TURB and treatment to allow the bladder wall to repair, ensuring bladder tightness, is also imperative, and, finally, that post-TURB scars persist > 8 weeks but this persistence of CA-IX expression could be favorable for the recommended treatment. This evidence concerns the gene CA9 and vesicoureteral reflux.