Augmenting the Type 1 Immune Response: HCC progression is often fueled by Type 2 (Th2) or regulatory immune responses—high IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 from Th2 cells, and IL-10, TGF-β from regulatory T cells (Tregs) and M2 macrophages [69]. Here, TGFB1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.