CCNG1 and breast carcinoma: Figure 3 illustrates the mitogenic signal transduction via proline-directed protein phosphorylation pathways involved with the expression and overexpression of the CCNG1 oncogene. In collaboration with BostonGene Corp., Waltham, MA, USA retrospective studies of CCNG1 expression levels in archived tumor samples were conducted, which confirmed enhanced CCNG1 expression in all cancer types tested including sarcomas, urethelial carcinoma, testicular carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and carcinoma of breast [24].