This aligns with another study in rats with induced colitis, which further highlights the association between bacterial SCFA production and a reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, like TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and inflammatory mediators, such as iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and NO (nitric oxide), along with an increase in IL-4 and IL-10 [30]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and colitis.