Further analysis through PPI topological and clustering techniques, as detailed in Supporting Information S3: Figure 3C,D, pinpointed AKT1, VEGFA, TP53, EGFR, ERBB2, JUN, ESR1, CCND1, MMP‐9, and MDM2 as the core targets of luteolin in treating IC/BPS. This evidence concerns the gene MMP9 and Bartsocas-Papas syndrome 1.