SPP1 and atherosclerosis: In the National Observatory of Atherosclerosis in Nephrology (NEFRONA) cohort, four SNPs, namely SPP1 (Osteopontin) rs1126616, MMP3 (matrix metalloprotease 3) rs35068180, BGLAP (Osteocalcin) rs1800247 and MGP (Matrix Gla Protein) rs4236, were associated with a 29%–37% increased risk of CKD progression.