USP3 and rheumatoid arthritis: USP5 can also stabilize TRAF6 by deubiquitination, but contrary to the results of USP3, overexpression of USP5 increases the activation of NF-κB pathway, promotes the release of NF-κB, and then up-regulates the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [92].