Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) scores indicated that the ADGRG6-high group had elevated scores for the p53 signaling pathway, WNT signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, TGF-β signaling pathway, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and G2/M checkpoint pathway compared to the ADGRG6-low group (Figures 3F, G), suggesting a strong association with cancer growth and metastasis. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and cancer.