CD4 and coinfection: To investigate the role of cytokines in mycobacterial growth inhibition, we selected IL-10 and TGF-β for study as they seem to play the most profound role in suppressing T-cell responses to mycobacterial antigens in the context of TB-helminth co-infection and IFN-γ as helminth infections are also associated with a decreased frequency of CD4+ T-cells secreting IFN-γ.