And compared to control rats and enteric glial cells, the expression levels of GFAP, S100B, SP, CGRP, TRPV1, TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6, were significantly higher in the colonic tissues of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated EGCs (22). This evidence concerns the gene TRPV1 and irritable bowel syndrome.