These pathways are all altered in cancer and during genotoxic stress in the following ways, as shown in Table 2 based on Network or Pathway in Cancer and Genotoxicity: the functions of genes such as PEPCK, GrpE-like 1 mitochondrial, and ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase in cellular energy metabolism which is changed in cancer—link them together. Here, PCK2 is linked to cancer.