Anlotinib, a selective Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor receptor 2 inhibitor, has demonstrated strong anti-angiogenic and antitumor effects in preclinical models (28).Based on the ALTER1102 study (29), the 2019 Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology Eophageal Cancer Guidelines recommend anlotinib monotherapy as second-line and beyond in advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. This evidence concerns the gene KDR and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.