TNF and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: HFD-induced MASLD mice model showed increased cytotoxic T lymphocytes and pro-inflammatory markers (hypoxia-inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α), TNF-α, NF-κβ) and lowered regulatory T cell (Treg) population and the anti-inflammatory marker interleukin (IL)-10 [29].