In HFHCD mice, 3-HPAA (Phocaeicola vulgatus metabolite) inhibited histone acetylation, specifically lowering histone 3 lysine 27 acetylation (H3K27 ac) to suppress the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes like squalene epoxidase Squalene Epoxidase (SQLE), reducing liver fat accumulation in combating MASLD progression [88]. The gene discussed is SQLE; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.