These include: Arhgap31, Boc, Catspere2, Cd47, Cldn10, Dsp, Fuz, Igsf9, Iqgap2, Npnt, Pcdhgc3, Pphln1, Sprr1a, and Svil. Subsequently, we studied the association in co-occurrence or mutual exclusivity within 994 samples of human breast invasive carcinoma in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) of the latter list of genes. The gene discussed is PPHLN1; the disease is invasive breast carcinoma.