The PPV of a BNP concentration ≥100 pg/mL was also heterogeneous with lower performance in patients without prior heart failure [56.0% (48.0–63.8%)], those with COPD [53.7% (38.2–68.5%)] and those with normal renal function [60.3% (52.3–67.8%)] (see Supplementary material online, Figure S2). Here, NPPB is linked to heart failure.