TNF and obesity disorder: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials found an association between n-3 PUFA intake and reduced plasma biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial activation, such as C-reactive protein, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1), and eicosanoids, and suggested that n-3 PUFA supplementation may alleviate obesity-related inflammation [51].