INS and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside has been shown to (i) inhibit hepatic lipid accumulation and improve insulin sensitivity in mice; (ii) suppress lipid accumulation and upregulate the expression of autophagosome formation genes and of PINK1, Parkin, and translocase of the outer membrane 20 (TOM20) in palmitic acid-induced alpha mouse liver 12 cells; (iii) decrease TGs and increase the expressions of PINK1, Parkin, and TOM20 in hepatocytes from NAFLD patients [240].