INS and gestational diabetes: Similarly, Kusinski LC et al. [64] demonstrated in a randomised controlled trial that a 1200 kcal/day diet in women with GDM and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 significantly reduced the need for long-acting insulin (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.18–0.70) compared to a 2000 kcal/day diet, independently of maternal sociodemographic status, pre-pregnancy BMI, or age.