Hyperglycemia triggers generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which activate intracellular signaling pathways, such as nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and increase levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and Hyperglycemia.