The standard clinical diagnosis of AD includes the presence of (1) large extracellular deposits or plaques of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides outside the neuronal cells in different regions of the brain (especially in the cortex and hippocampus) and (2) neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) inside the neuronal cells that are composed primarily of hyperphosphorylated tau protein [9,10]. The gene discussed is MAPT; the disease is Alzheimer disease.