INS and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In an in vivo study, purple grumixama polyphenols (primarily anthocyanin) ameliorate obesity, insulin sensitivity, and hepatic lipid accumulation, and these effects are associated with the expression of numerous hepatic genes involved primarily in lipid metabolism and inflammation, with an impact on lipid transport, fatty acid transport, and triglyceride hydrolysis [45].