Our studies are consistent with the following conclusions: (1) diabetes risk prediction is useful in subjects with prediabetes; (2) fasting glucose alone is an excellent predictor of diabetes risk; (3) prediabetic subjects should have an annual measurement of their fasting glucose; and (4) the measurement of the fasting glucose and insulin and the calculation of the HOMA-IR and HOMA-β are important for identifying diabetic subjects with low insulin production who may require insulin therapy to control their glucose and HbA1c levels. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.