We hypothesised that a combined anthocyanin antioxidant (riceberry rice extracts) with prebiotics (rice bran and inulin fibre from Jerusalem artichoke) would enhance primary T2DM outcomes of HbA1c, insulin and glucose control, and secondary cardiovascular outcomes of lipid profile, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with T2DM. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.