The development and widespread use of novel drugs targeting specific driver variants in lung cancer, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and ROS proto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1), have revolutionized treatment approaches and have become a critical step in the management of NSCLC. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is lung cancer.