TNF and endothelial dysfunction: Adequate sleep is critical for regulating the pathophysiological processes associated with CKD, as research has demonstrated that adequate sleep can suppress inflammatory pathways triggered by poor sleep quality, notably by reducing the accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α, all of which are significant contributors to endothelial dysfunction [43,44,45].