INS and chronic kidney disease: The case-mix of the co-morbidities was large and included 266 females (22%); 927 (75%) under insulin medication; 700 (57%) active smokers with a median of 35 pack-years (interquartile range, 20–60 p-y); 302 (24%) with heavy alcohol consumption; 265 (21%) with ischemic and hypertensive heart diseases and 624 (51%) with chronic renal insufficiency, of which 105 patients (9%) were in renal dialysis; 29 (2%) with organ transplantations, 76 (6%) under immune-suppressive therapy, among which 20 cases were under oncologic chemotherapy [15].