INS and Insulin resistance: Since PI3K is a key transducer of insulin signaling, sustained hyperexpression of miR-378 leads to insulin resistance [48], and miR-802 affects the expression of the HNF1B transcription factor, enhancing the regulation of HNF1B-associated Socs1 and Socs3 genes, which impairs insulin signal transmission by inhibiting phosphorylation of IRS proteins [49].