ASMs of the first (phenobarbital) and second (phenytoin and valproic acid)-generation activate lipid peroxidation and the formation of reactive oxygen species in patients with epilepsy, which induces an increase in the levels of pro-oxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) while lowering the levels of protective enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) [65]. This evidence concerns the gene GSR and epilepsy.