NPPB and chronic kidney disease: Multivariate analysis, incorporating age, baseline serum creatinine, NT-proBNP, hemoglobin, the difference between baseline and admission serum creatinine (ΔCr1), CKD stage, and NYHA functional class, identified the difference in serum creatinine from baseline (odds ratio [OR] 3.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.02–6.18, p < 0.001) and CKD stage (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.64–3.23, p < 0.001) as independent risk factors for the development of ACRS (Table 6).