However, the administration of ART and anti-TB drugs can lead to significant drug interactions that affect treatment efficacy and safety exemplified by the Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) metabolized bedaquiline [45] (whose exposure is significantly increased by lopinavir/ritonavir but not by nevirapine), rifampicin’s potent induction of CYP3A4 (leading to subtherapeutic levels of protease inhibitors and prompting the use of rifabutin instead), and the need for dose adjustments when high-dose rifampicin alters the pharmacokinetics of efavirenz and dolutegravir [46,47]. The gene discussed is CYP3A4; the disease is tuberculosis.