Furthermore, the ROC curve for the hub genes in distinguishing between DCM and NF samples is presented in Fig. 5D, with the AUC values for VCL, ABCB1, JAK2, KDR, and NGF being 76.4, 80.1, 68.2, 78.1, and 71.8, respectively, and ABCB1 demonstrating the highest accuracy (AUC = 80.1). This evidence concerns the gene VCL and familial dilated cardiomyopathy.