H2AX and neoplasm: In addition, overexpression of IL-33-F and IL-33-C significantly downregulated the protein expression of γ-H2AX and cleaved caspase-3 but increased Ki-67 in tumor tissues, suggesting that IL-33 ameliorated DNA damage, apoptosis, and growth inhibition induced by CDDP treatment in vivo (Fig. 7D−F and Supplementary Fig. S4B−S4D).