Intracellular dsRNA, evolutionarily a sign of viral infection, can also act as a DAMP, and dsRNA triggers multiple cytoplasmic receptors including ZBP1, MDA5, OAS, and PKR which activate various arms of the innate immune cascade, including NF-κB signaling and the type 1 IFN response. The gene discussed is EIF2AK2; the disease is viral infectious disease.