Also, shen Shuai II, a Chinese herbal formula, which has antioxidant properties, has been used to treat CKD, and it was demonstrated its efficacy in increasing PPARα/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway to reduce renal inflammation and promoting ß-Ox through CPT1 and 2 increase (Wang et al. 2024). Here, CPT1A is linked to chronic kidney disease.