This has been studied principally in CKD, where the downregulation of PGC-1α by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-ß)/mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 1 (SMAD1) produces the diminish of PPARα abundance and, in consequence, the decrease of CPT1 (Gao and Chen 2022), which promotes apoptosis and fibrosis (Kang et al. 2015). This evidence concerns the gene PPARA and chronic kidney disease.