Yet the activation of stem-like memory CD4+ T cells in third infection coincides with the boosting (MSP-1) and diversification (AMA-1) of parasite-specific class-switched antibodies, and antiparasite immunity is dependent upon diversification (not affinity maturation) (Kimingi et al., 2022; Osier et al., 2008; Rono et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and infection.