CSTF2 and heart failure: The levels of CstF64 are upregulated in the left ventricle of heart failure patients and in a cardiac fibrosis model, and the increased expression of CstF64 shortened the 3′UTRs of the mRNAs encoding α-SMA, collagen 1, fibronectin, TGF-β1, and TβRI, leading to increased levels of these proteins and increased cardiac fibrosis [107].