In the ERSPC, the decision on whether to biopsy rested on PSA level, 35.5% of the participants were found to have PrCa.27 When we restricted the analysis of BARCODE1 participants in the ≥90th centile to only those with PSA >3.0ug/L, we found that 75.4% of cancers detected were Gleason Score ≥7. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and pure red-cell aplasia.