CD8A and HIV infectious disease: This is consistent with previously reported data in adults living with HIV, where CMV serostatus has been associated with immunological changes in individuals with well-controlled HIV infections.9,23,24 In a study of adults treated with ART for a minimum of 2 years, CMV serostatus was independently associated with a CD4/CD8 ratio <1.9 In a separate study of adults initiated on ART, normalization of the CD4/CD8 ratio was delayed among CMV coinfected individuals, potentially due to an expansion of the CD8+ T cell compartment.23 However, data on children are limited.