We have previously found enhanced protein levels of TNF-α in CC and UC, IL-6 in CC and IL-21 in both CC and LC patients as well as increased mRNA levels of IL-6 and IL-21 in MC and UC patients.28 The disparity between our previous and current results may be due to the use of different Luminex kits from different manufacturers. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.