CD8+ T cells, in addition to releasing perforin and granzymes, also degranulate CCL5 (RANTES).20 In accordance with a previous study by our group, CCL5 was increased in patients with active LC compared to LC-HR and, although not significant in the present study, there was a trend of increased levels compared to controls.21 This evidence concerns the gene CCL5 and laryngotracheoesophageal cleft.