However, there were previous studies that have shown that high expression of ISG15 is associated with better prognosis in tumor patients [28, 32], and patients with ISG15 nuclear-positive features have the best prognosis and are less likely to relapse [32].These data are contradictory to our findings reported here in this work, which could be associated with CAF infiltration levels, as our immune-related screening identified a positive correlation between ISG15 expression and CAF infiltration levels in LUAD. This evidence concerns the gene ISG15 and neoplasm.