VIT and osteoarthritis, hip: To this end, we aggregated the association of all rare LOF variants in these genes (<2% frequency total) (Methods and Supplementary Tables 23–25) and identified nine study-wide significant associations (P < 7.1 × 10−5) with 5 genes (ADAMTSL3, VIT, COL27A1, IL11 and PMVK), of which the burdens of ADAMTSL3 and VIT on hip osteoarthritis and total hip replacement are genome-wide significant (P < 2.5 × 10−6).