HMGA2 and urinary bladder carcinoma: While in other study conducted by Krafft et al. (Germany, 2019) (Krafft et al. 2019), which included 106 tissue samples from patients with bladder cancer, 49 of which were from patients who had not yet undergone any chemotherapy, and were studied using (IHC), it was found that increased tissue levels of HMGA2 protein were associated with increased resistance to cisplatin in bladder cancer.