A significant difference in the plasma HMGA2 level was found between low grade BC patients and high grade BC patients when applying Mann–Whitney test, as the plasma HMGA2 level was higher in high grade BC patients (13.34 [11.7–17.28] ng/ml) than in low grade BC patients (10.63 [8.6–13.68] ng/ml), with a P-value = 0.049, as shown in Fig. 3. The gene discussed is HMGA2; the disease is breast cancer.