HMGA2 and cancer: In cancer, the epigenetic mechanisms regulating the expression of the HMGA2 protein are lost because of deletions or mutations in the 3′ UnTranslated Region (UTR) of HMGA2 mRNA associated with cancer, which contains MiRNA Response Elements (MREs), as miRNA-mediated regulation is the main epigenetic mechanism that controls HMGA2 expression, and this leads to a significant increase in HMGA2 levels in cancer (Ergun and Oztuzcu 2015; Lee and Dutta 2007; Mayr et al. 2007).