HMGA2 and cancer: Many studies have reported the elevated levels of the HMGA2 protein in cancer tissues and correlated its expression levels with clinicopathological features in various types of cancer, including bladder (Ding et al. 2014; Yang et al. 2011), breast (Mansoori et al. 2020, 2021a), colon (Wang et al. 2022), lung (Gao et al. 2017), ovarian (Mahajan et al. 2010), and liver cancers (Hengjuan Lv et al. 2019).