Classically, VHL whole-gene deletions, nonsense variants, frameshifting insertions and deletions (indels) and certain splice variants have been associated with ccRCC and Hbl (VHL type 1), while missense mutations have been associated with PPGL (type 2 VHL) (Maher et al. 2011). Here, LGALS1 is linked to nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.